Causes of Stress

Factors that cause stress are called "Stressors." The following are the sources or causes of an organisational and non-organisational stress.

1. Causes of an Organisational Stress

The main sources or causes of an organisational stress are :-

1. Career Concern : If an employee feels that he is very much behind in corporate ladder, then he may experience stress and if he feels that there are no opportunities for self-growth he may experience stress. Hence unfulfilled career expectations are a major source of stress.
2. Role Ambiguity : It occurs when the person does not known what he is supposed to do on the job. His tasks and responsibilities are not clear. The employee is not sure what he is expected to do. This creates confusion in the minds of the worker and results in stress.
3. Rotating Shifts : Stress may occur to those individuals who work in different shifts. Employees may be expected to work in day shift for some days and then in the night shift. This may create problems in adjusting to the shift timings, and it can affect not only personal life but also family life of the employee.
4. Role Conflict : It takes place when different people have different expectations from a person performing a particular role. It can also occur if the job is not as per the expectation or when a job demands a certain type of behaviour that is against the person's moral values.
5. Occupational Demands : Some jobs are more stressful than others. Jobs that involve risk and danger are more stressful. Research findings indicate that jobs that are more stressful usually requires constant monitoring of equipments and devices, unpleasant physical conditions, making decisions, etc.
6. Lack of Participation in Decision Making : Many experienced employees feel that management should consult them on matters affecting their jobs. In reality, the superiors hardly consult the concerned employees before taking a decision. This develops a feeling of being neglected, which may lead to stress.
7. Work Overload : Excessive work load leads to stress as it puts a person under tremendous pressure. Work overload may take two different forms :-
   1. Qualitative work overload implies performing a job that is complicated or beyond the employee's capacity.
   2. Quantitative work overload arises when number of activities to be performed in the prescribed time are many.
8. Work Underload : In this case, very little work or too simple work is expected on the part of the employee. Doing less work or jobs of routine and simple nature would lead to monotony and boredom, which can lead to stress.
9. Working Conditions : Employees may be subject to poor working conditions. It would include poor lighting and ventilations, unhygienic sanitation facilities, excessive noise and dust, presence of toxic gases and fumes, inadequate safety measures, etc. All these unpleasant conditions create physiological and psychological imbalance in humans thereby causing stress.
10. Lack of Group Cohesiveness : Every group is characterised by its cohesiveness although they differ widely in degree of cohesiveness. Individuals experience stress when there is no unity among the members of work group. There is mistrust, jealously, frequent quarrels, etc., in groups and this lead to stress to employees.
11. Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict : Interpersonal and intergroup conflict takes place due to differences in perceptions, attitudes, values and beliefs between two or more individuals and groups. Such conflicts can be a source of stress to group members.
12. Organisational Changes : When changes occur, people have to adapt to those changes and this may cause stress. Stress is higher when changes are major or unusual like transfer or adaption of new technology.
13. Lack of Social Support : When individuals believe that they have the friendship and support of others at work, their ability to cope with the effects of stress increases. If this kind of social support is not available then an employee experiences more stress.

2. Causes of Non-Organisational Stress

Certain factors outside the scope of an organisation also cause stress.

These main sources or causes of non-organisational stress are :-

1. Civic Amenities : Poor civic amenities in the area in which one lives can be a cause of stress. Inadequate or lack of civic facilities like improper water supply, excessive noise or air pollution, lack of proper transport facility can be quite stressful.
2. Life Changes : Life changes can bring stress to a person. Life changes can be slow or sudden. Slow life changes include getting older and sudden life changes include death or accident of a loved one. Sudden life changes are highly stressful and very difficult to cope.
3. Frustration : Frustration is another cause of stress. Frustration arises when goal directed behaviour is blocked. Management should attempt to remove barriers and help the employees to reach their goals.
4. Caste and Religion Conflicts : Employees living in areas which are subject to caste and religious conflicts do suffer from stress. In case of religion, the minorities and lower-caste people (seen especially in India) are subject to more stress.
5. Personality : People are broadly classified as 'Type A' and 'Type B'.
   1. Feels guilty while relaxing.
   2. Gets irritated by minor mistakes of self and others.
   3. Feels impatient and dislikes waiting.
   4. Does several things at one time.
   While the 'Type B' people are exactly opposite and hence are less affected by stress due to above mentioned factors.
6. Technological Changes : When there are any changes in technological field, employees are under the constant stress of fear of losing jobs, or need to adjust to new technologies. This can be a source of stress.
7. Career Changes : When a person suddenly switches over a new job, he is under stress to shoulder new responsibilities properly. Under promotion, over promotion, demotion and transfers can also cause stress.

Source: http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com

Risk-averse:

1. Investing conservatively.

2. Wanting to avoid risk unless adequately compensated for it; the attitude of most investors. For example, if two investments have the same expected return, the one with lower risk will be preferred. A riskier investment has to have a higher expected return in order to provide an incentive for a risk-averse investor to select it.

Stress Definitions

1) Stress may be defined as "a state of psychological and / or physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and / or motivation to meet those demands."

Dr. Hans Selye, one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as "the rate of all wear and tear caused by life."

Stress can be positive or negative. Stress can be positive when the situation offers an opportunity for a person to gain something. It acts as a motivator for peak performance. Stress can be negative when a person faces social, physical, organisational and emotional problems.

2) Stress is the body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response.Stress can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, nervous, or anxious.Stress is caused by an existing stress-causing factor or "stressor."Dealing with a serious illness or caring for someone who is can cause a great deal of stress.

3) Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength. This class will discuss different causes of stress, how stress affects you, the difference between 'good' or 'positive' stress and 'bad' or 'negative' stress, and some common facts about how stress affects people today.

Increase your Breasts Size

Breasts are important to both men and women. Women's self-confidence is often tied to the size of their breasts, but not every woman ends up with the kind of breasts that she is happy with. Though many women resort to expensive and risky surgery to enlarge their breasts, there is a simpler, more natural method which costs nothing. If you massage your breasts for 20-30 minutes a day, they should grow one cup size larger in 30 days.


Massage does two things to stimulate growth. One benefit of massage is increased circulation. Since phytoestrogens travel through the bloodstream, the more blood you have flowing to your breasts, the easier it is for your breast receptors to pick up what they need in order to grow. Another benefit of massage is prolactin production. This important breast-enlarging hormone is triggered by regular stimulation of the breasts and nipples.


To perform the massage, start by rubbing your hands together as fast as you can to generate heat and energy. Once your hands are warm, place them on your breasts. Rub inwards with your hands and continue around your breasts in a circle. Your right hand will circle in a clockwise direction, and your left hand will circle counter-clockwise (as you look down).


Do a minimum of 100-300 circular rubs in the morning and another 100-300 circular rubs before you go to bed. Each circular rub should last about 2 seconds. Pause occasionally and rub your hands together to re-warm them. The full 300 rubs should take about 10-15 minutes. By doing this twice a day, you should be able to increase a cup size within 30 days.


If you want to use a massage oil, the following mixture has been reported to produce great results in increasing the size of the breasts. Mix 9 drops of geranium oil with 16 drops of Ylang Ylang oil in a base of 50 ml of almond oil. Rub this into your breasts twice a day either during your massage or separately.


A good side effect to doing this is that your menstrual flow will be reduced dramatically since the breast massage stimulation will create a state within your body where the blood you normally lose through your period will rush up to enlarge your breasts. Another good side effect is that the surge in hormones will lessen your PMS. You will also experience increased nipple sensitivity, but avoid touching your nipples when doing your breast massage.


This method of breast massage is a part of an ancient Taoist exercise, the female deer exercise. That means it has been used and tested for hundreds, possibly thousands of years. All you need is some time, your hands, and dedication to have larger breasts in just 30 days.


If you've ever felt self conscious about the size of your breasts, you are not alone. To find out about the natural breast enlargement methods that can increase your breast size by two cups, naturally and without surgery, in 4-6 weeks

Increase Your Chest Size Naturally Without Any Equipment

Without any equipment, you can't go too far with this. But you can make a start- and see a bit of a differance!


Push Ups!


Here's the routine (3 times a week):

6 Push Ups with your hands quite wide apart, wider than shoulder width
6 Push ups with your hands shoulderwidth apart
6 Push ups with your hands right next to each other, your index fingers and thumbs forming a diamond shape


Do these really slowly, not as fast as you can, after doing those, have a one minute rest, and do it again.
Do this 4 times, 3 times a week.
The got me from about 30 normal ones to 50 over a couple of weeks.


Chest Dips (Twice a Week)

You will need to chairs for these, or some units that are close to each other, basically two surfaces or bars that are the same sort of height, and you can support yourself with your arms between them, feet not touching the floor.
You lower yourself down between them, and push up again, your feet don't touch the floor. (Youtube these if you don't know what I mean)


Do as many as you can, have a break of about 2-3 minutes, and do it again.
Do this 3 times, twice a week.

With these along you should get some gains, though if you want to get bigger- get a pair of weights- though that's a separate question!


Don't give up if you're not huge after 2 weeks, in a couple of months you will see some visible growth!

Steps to Stop biting from your Pet Parrot

Dear friends I am trying to give you some easy steps to stop biting from your pet parrot.

1-      Mood creation:- Just try to make very calm and pleasure  mood and sit gently beside the parrot.if we were nervous the parrot will also be very nervous.So before approaching he/she just be relax as  you can.place the parrot in a peaceful place that make him happy.

2-     Close observation:-please closely  observe the bird to deside why the bird bites us.some of them may bite because of fear or stress.But some others bites us because they don’t like to shere there place or cage with others.mostly we can understand by watching their body language that indicates when he/she is about to bite.So observe closely and try to think what he is going on when and just before they bites you

3-     Try to command over them:-if the parrot is very nervous to you, try to use some commands like ‘don’t bite’,’’cool cool’’ etc..and try gently to touch his/her beack. this will tell a tame parrot that it shouldn’t react after you do this repeatedly and the bird gets the idea.if the parrot calm down a bit,give some good seeds or toys to themin this way your pet will get the concept that biting is equal to praise ,toys or treat.;It wont take long for your pet parrot to learn this lesson.

4-     Always be consistent with your pet bird:-while training session please try to give the same command in a same vocal tone and perform the same behavior  along with the command.and quietly remove your  figure when the bird bites you. Just try to tolerate the hard bites of the parrot and please don’t try to beat or hit them.that will leads to heavy fedar and stress to them.the only discipline a parrot understands is removing yourself and your attention from them.

From: http://www.keralapetfarms.com/

Financial Accounting

Definition:

* Reporting of the financial position and performance of a firm through financial statements issued to external users on a periodic basis.

* Financial accounts are concerned with classifying, measuring and recording the transactions of a business. At the end of a period (typically a year), the following financial statements are prepared to show the performance and position of the business

* Financial accountancy is used to prepare accounting information for people outside the organization or not involved in the day-to-day running of the company. Management accounting provides accounting information to help managers make decisions to manage the business.

In short, financial accounting is the process of summarizing financial data taken from an organization's accounting records and publishing in the form of annual (or more frequent) reports for the benefit of people outside the organization.